Essays --

Robert Miyoshi Dr. Conti CPRL 110-04 15 December 2013 The Religious Journey of Malcolm X Malcolm X is broadly known as one of the most powerful figures in the development of Civil Rights. In spite of the fact that his perspectives changed after some time, he was in every case genuine about his convictions and remained by them 100%. He was conceived Malcolm Little, to a Baptist lay speaker and a Grenada-conceived homemaker, Malcolm’s family must be moved a few times in light of steady passing dangers toward his dad. At six years old, Earl, Malcolm’s father was slaughtered in a trolley mishap that the family accepted was crafted by a racial oppressor bunch called the Black Legion. At thirteen, Malcolm’s mother was regulated at a psychological emergency clinic, leaving her youngsters to be isolated into encourage homes. Albeit a superb understudy in middle school, Malcolm dropped out of school when a white instructor disclosed to him that his fantasy about specializing in legal matters was â€Å"no sensible objective for a nigger†. After a young people of negligible wrongdoing and a youthful adulthood of bigger infractions, Malcolm ended up in prison for burglary and breaking and entering. While serving his eight to multi year sentence at Charlestown State Prison, Malcolm started perusing and assisting his training through perusing. Likewise while in jail, Malcolm’s sibling, Reginald visited him bearing updates on a religion called the â€Å"Nation of Islam†. This conviction framework fit well with Malcolm’s perspectives on white individuals: that they are fallen angels and that dark people are genuinely the unrivaled race. While still in jail, Malcolm kept up correspondence with Elijah Muhammad, the pioneer of the Nation of Islam. The ‘X’ in Malcolm’s name started showing up in 1950 and supplanted his last name â€Å"Little† in light of the fact that, â€Å"[his] ‘X’ replac... ...s as they considered that To be as just a job inversion of the white/dark clash in the United States. The Nation of Islam was named as hatemongers, dark supremacists, racists, savagery searchers, segregationists, and a danger to improved race relations. Malcolm X went even similarly as to reprimand the social equality development and called Martin Luther King Jr. a â€Å"chump† and other social equality pioneers â€Å"stooges† of the white foundation. While in the tallness of his fame among the Nation of Islam and as quantities of blacks in the United States joined the Nation, Malcolm had interior clashes. These were on the grounds that he had discovered that Elijah Muhammad had extramarital illicit relationships with different individuals from the Nation of Islam; a colossal sin inside the religion. Muhammad had upwards of six ladies that he had laid down with and Malcolm X was profoundly influenced by his leader’s activities.

Types Of Database Management Systems

Kinds Of Database Management Systems As we probably am aware databases are being utilized like never before to store and to get to data. Because of the simplicity of support and remarkable execution of databases, the development of database advances has been expanding quickly. Also DBMS had flourished over World Wide Web. Diverse web-applications are recovering the put away information and the appropriate responses are shown in a designed structure utilizing web dialects like XML. This article discusses the various Data Models for databases, and talks about their relative qualities and shortcomings. I will introduce the most widely recognized methodologies for information displaying that are utilized by DBMSs (RDBMS, OODBMS, ORDBMS and XML ) giving a snappy prologue to every one of them we will thoroughly analyzes the methodology treating them nearly. Information MODELS Database Model can be classified by the information structures and administrators they present to the client. (Bloor, 2003) (1) E-R Model (2) Hierarchical Data Model (3) Network Data Mode (4) Semi Structured Data Model (5) Relational Data Model (RDBMS) (6) Object Oriented Data Model (OODBMS) (7) Object Relational Data Model (ORDBMS) (8) Semi-organized information (XML) Among all information models referenced underneath, social model followed by object arranged and object social models delighted in most prominence, we will characterize individually and simultaneously we are going to show their favorable circumstances and impediments. Social DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RDBMS) In RDBMS, all the information is as basic segments and columns in a table. Each table is an individual and autonomous element and we need not to utilize any physical pointers or physical connects to associate the substances like what we used to have in organize and various leveled models. All information is kept up as tables comprising of lines and sections. Information in two tables is connected through regular sections. Administrators are given to working on lines in tables. Along these lines, questioning turns out to be exceptionally simple. This was one of the primary explanations behind the social model to turn out to be increasingly famous with developers. The RDBMS structures information into relations (tables) which structure a two-dimensional portrayal of the information into lines and sections. A connection contains tuples (lines) and each tuple speaks to a particular record in the table. A tuple comprises of a lot of sloppy characteristics (segments) giving point of interest to the record. Columns are relegated a novel identifier, otherwise called an essential key, by which the record can be gotten to, controlled, and referenced by different tables or applications. Segments store the characteristics of a record, all the more ordinarily known as fields, and each property is doled out an information type. Organized Query Language (SQL) is recognized and acknowledged as the standard question language and exchange instrument for RDBMS. SQL questions can be utilized to access and return information from tables, characterize records and their properties, and to see information from different tables through activities, for example, a join.(Dolk, 1998) Two of the most well known instances of RDBMS as of now available are Oracle and Microsoft Access. Points of interest of RDBMS In RDBMS framework, the tables are straightforward, information is more obvious and speak with others. RDBMS is adaptable, clients don't need to utilize predefined keys to enter data. Programmed advancement of looking through is conceivable in RDBMS Structure Query language (SQL) is simpler to learn and execute. It bolsters enormous and huge databases. RDBMS are increasingly gainful in light of the fact that SQL is simpler to learn. This permits clients to invest more energy contributing as opposed to learning. Disservices RDBMS Very little productive and viable coordinated help. Need more stockpiling zone to deal with information, for example, pictures, computerized and sound/video. Social tables are level and don't offer great help for settled structures, for example, sets and exhibits. And furthermore specific sorts of connections, for example, sub-composing between database objects are difficult to speak to in this model. RDBMS innovation didn't exploit Object arranged programming idea, which is extremely famous in light of its methodology. All the information must be as tables where connections between elements are characterized by values. 2.2 OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (OODBMS) As you know, web and Internet utilization is quickly expanding these days. To address the difficulty of the web and to beat the impediments of RDBMS, OODBMS was created. OODBMS represents Object arranged database the executives framework, which we can characterize as; it is a mix of Object Oriented Programming and Relational Database Management System. (Fong, 1997) Legacies, information embodiment, object personality, and polymorphism are the fundamental qualities of article arranged programming. By characterizing new articles, we can create answers for complex issues in legacy. Articles are connected and shared inside a system and have a free personality. The item personality (OID) works in the background to guarantee the uniqueness of the tuples, which is imperceptible to the clients. Additionally, no impediments are required on the qualities. On the off chance that we take something very similar in RDBMS, at that point we need to stress over particularly distinguishing tuples by their qualities and ensuring that no two tuples have a similar essential key qualities. Then again, polymorphism and dynamic restricting are valuable to make articles to give answers for the perplexing ones and to abstain from coding for each item. These items might be transient or diligent. By diligent article we mean the perpetual item put away inside the database to endure the execution of information process and so as to inevitably reuse it in another procedure. OODB manages these items in a uniform way. To make, update, erase or to recover the tenacious information, information definition language and information control dialects are significant in OODBMS. These dialects are additionally helpful to characterize a database, including making, adjusting and dropping tables and to guarantee the uprightness limitations in tables. Article Query Language (OQL) is the standard question language for OODBMS. OQL utilizes linguistic structure like SQL and is once in a while utilized since the fundamental usefulness of inquiries in characteristic for object-situated programming languages.(Chaterjee, 2005) Favorable circumstances of OODBMS Progressively semantic data Backing for complex items Extensibility of information types May improve execution with proficient storing Forming Reusability Legacy speeds advancement and application Potential to incorporate DBMSs into single condition Burdens OODBMS Solid restriction from the set up RDBMSs Absence of hypothetical establishment Return to old pointer frameworks Absence of standard specially appointed question language Absence of business information structure and the executives devices Steep expectation to absorb information Low market nearness Absence of similarity between various OODBMSs 2.3 OBJECT RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ORDBMS) Article Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) is an all-encompassing improvement of existing social database framework. To conquer the specific impediments and to build the presentation level, and to accomplish the advantages of social model and item model, ORDBMS innovation advanced by joining the social databases and article arranged ideas. We can join our custom information types, capacities, administrators and strategies with the database and we can store pictures, topographical data and interactive media items, for example, sound and video, it permits us to raise the degree of deliberation at which we need to see the difficult space. In ORDBMS restricted help of item arranged highlights, for the most part to new information types. Besides, it underpins dynamic information types (ADTs) and complex connections. ORDBMSs have a similar question driven way to deal with information the board as we have in RDBMS. Through explanatory SQL articulations, we can deal with the information access and there is no procedural or article at once, navigational interface. ORDBMS permits us to keep utilizing our current frameworks, without rolling out significant improvements. In basic words, we can say that ORDBMSs combine the highlights of RDBMSs with the best thoughts of OODBMSs. (Cigler, 1999) Favorable circumstances of ORDBMS Capacity to inquiry complex applications and capacity to deal with huge and complex applications Decreased Network Traffic inquiries and complex directions can be executed on the server (instead of customers) Application and Query Performance Parallel server innovation can be utilized Software Maintenance information and techniques are put away on the server and makes support simpler Coordinated Data and Transaction Management. The database motor handles all exchange honesty, reinforcement, and so forth., issues Disservices of ORDBMS Demonstrating and handling backing of complex items and their renditions, huge articles, semantic-rich connections, and so forth is just simple or in any event, missing in current ORDBMSs ORDBMSs must be supplemented by sufficient customer side information the board and long-running plan exchanges epitomizing the customer handling model, so as to offer palatable help for specialized applications Low execution in web applications 2.4 XML To comprehend XML is critical to comprehend its underlying foundations as a markup language archives. The term trademark is any component in a record that it isn't expected to be a piece of the printed yield.. In an electronic archive handling a markup language is a proper portrayal of what is contained in the record, which part is brand and what the brand depend on. Just as database frameworks advanced from the physical handling of records to give a sensible detachment, the markup language particular created from the guidelines showing how to print portions of the archive for the substance.. Such useful brand permits the report to have various arrangements in various circumstances. It likewise helps various pieces of a long archive, or various pages in a huge Web website, have a uniform organization. The brand wo

GetApp

GetApp In Barcelona we interviewed the founder and CEO of GetApp,  Christophe Primault. GetApp is a marketplace for business applications that helps companies find the right app.Christophe provided some insights why its better to start your company in Spain instead of in the US, how the business model works, some market statistics, as well as great advice for first time entrepreneurs.Interviewer: Hi. Today we are in Barcelona with GetApp. Christopher, who are you and what do you do?Christopher: Good morning. I’m Christopher, I’m the CEO of GetApp. I founded this company five years ago with Manuel, my cofounder. We are a marketplace for business applications where businesses of all sizes come and discover applications for their business.Interviewer: How did you come up with this business idea?Christopher: Both Manuel and I, in our previous jobs, were facing this issue about to how to get products distributed in the new world of cloud computing and online. We realized that there was no so lution in place, so we decided to build one.Interviewer: What did you do before you started this company?Christopher: I started my career at NCR, which is not a startup, it’s a big American company that has been there for ages, and I spent 15 years there. I ended up being the VP of Global Marketing, and then decided to do something a bit more entrepreneurial. So I built my first startup which was about data integrity and security. This startup really failed. So that was my previous experience before GetApp.Interviewer: Did you found this startup or did you just join them?Christopher: Actually I joined the startup but at the very very beginning.Interviewer: Can you tell us a little bit more about the business model of GetApp?Christopher: GetApp has two value propositions for two main stakeholders. For businesses, we help them discover business applications wherever they need to find them, it can be searching on the web, it can be searching on their mobile, it can be when they use a nother application and they want to find an additional feature that is integrated with the application they’re currently using. So that’s our value proposition to them. Wherever you are, you will find new applications that are suitable for your business, and GetApp will help you discover the right one.Our second biggest stakeholders are our clients. They are developers of businesses applications, it can be Software as a Service providers, or native mobile applications. For these companies we serve as an online distribution channel. We are generation leads for them online. They come to GetApp, they give us information about their product, we review their product independently, and then we organize this information so that people who really need the application find it.Interviewer: For these businesses can you cluster them as related to some industries or so, maybe you have more focus on one industry?Christopher: Today we mostly deal with what we call horizontal applications, or a pplications that offer a feature that can be used in any industry. As an example, customer relationship management, or project management, or an accounting online software. This is currently the core of our business, but the market is developing a lot towards vertical applications, applications for the life science industry, applications for the retail industry, or ecommerce industry, so more and more we’re going to this space. Rather than selling verticals today, we sell more horizontal solutions, but verticalizing our marketplace is definitely on the agenda.Interviewer: So the revenue model basically works like this that you get paid for the lead from the app developers?Christopher: It works very much like Google. We feature applications and we get paid for that. It is pretty clear for the client, for the end user that the application they’re looking at has featured. And then we get paid per click or per lead. Sometimes we also have revenue sharing every month with our clients .Interviewer: In terms of corporate strategy, what do you think are the main drivers that make you company stand out of the crowd?Christopher: First of all the main market driver is that more and more companies are testing and buying cloud-based software or native mobile software, just because it’s easier to get started with it and also it’s cheaper than traditional software. Today it represents about 7% of the total business software market, but it’s growing much faster than the traditional software. And there’s no established distribution channel for this new part of the software industry. And this the space we want to grab. So GetApp’s intention is to become the dominant distribution platform for the online business application industry.Let’s talk about the global market. What has made us successful in the last five years is two main things. The first one is customer service, we are extremely focused on making our clients happy. We never compromise on the quality of t he traffic we are sending to them, the quality of the leads that we are sending to them. And if our clients for some reason are unhappy, we are really on top of it to make sure that we understand why, and how we can fix it.The second scene is that from day one we’ve been very clear that we wanted to turn this business into a profitable business as soon as possible. So we’ve been very focused on selling and selling directly to the advertiser. I see a lot of young entrepreneurs who believe that they’ve got a great idea, and they put it on the web and expect people to come and buy. Usually it doesn’t happen, especially in the B2B world, which is our world. You need to establish your very close relationship with your clients, and it means talking on the phone with them, meeting them on a regular basis, understanding their needs, really paying attention to them. And both my cofounder and I come from this culture of where you’re nurturing the relationship with the client. We jus t put it into practice and that’s our main differentiator.Interviewer: What type of customers did you focus on first when you started this company?Christopher: Any one. We want more people to join our platform. But we started with the smaller or mid-sized business software developers, and as we gained credibility in the market we managed to break into the much larger players. You need to prove yourself before you can attract the big players in this world. And this is what we did. We still do our best to cater for smaller clients because they’re at the beginning and they are the ones who gave us a chance to succeed. But, clearly, as we are running the business we also need to pay application to our bigger customers.Interviewer: In terms of market development and this kind of distributing of apps, what is roughly the global market size, maybe in the US where you’re mainly focused?Christopher: Yes, we focus today mostly in the North American market, which represents 2/3 of the gl obal market. And we went there from scratch. We never intended to start anywhere else but in the US, although we are based Barcelona, and today this represents 90% of our market. Just to give you an example, the next markets are UK, Germany, but each of them represents about 6% or 7% of the total market size. So it’s pretty obvious where we need to get started.Now we’re starting to branch out into new countries. We’re French, so we picked France as our first date for expanding in new geographies. And we’re actually launching getapp.fr next month. So that gives you the size of the market. Today Software as a Service market, which is our core market, is about $40 billion dollar market. It depends on which analyst you talk to. In terms of marketing span in this industry, which is the market we’re going after, it’s currently about $2 billion dollars, and it’s increasing pretty rapidly.Interviewer: This $2 billion is only made for, let’s say, online marketing and mobile m arketing?Christopher: Yeah. I’m only talking about online marketing. The percentage of sales and marketing cost for software business developers, online marketing span represents roughly between 15% and 20% of their total budget.Interviewer: As you said that you were branching into new countries like France, etc., did you buy the web domains in the first place and secured that, because I can imagine, for example, it is the same with us, we have some ideas where we want to go next maybe in two, three, four, five years, we don’t know yet what we will do, so maybe we did not secure them right now.Christopher: We did a bit of that, but not as much as we should have done. The main reason is that we bootstrapped this company initially. So it was our own money and we were pretty careful in how to spend it. We bought a few country domain names, but not that many. Actually we let a very important one go because we just didn’t renew it, which was really stupid, so we make mistakes. But we went into the market and bought as many important country domain names as we could, which has cost us quite a lot of money.Interviewer: Did you raise some external money after you bootstrapped?Christopher: Yes, in 2011 we raised one million dollar, which is one of the biggest VCs in Spain, they’re a very efficient company and a profitable company now. It’s been very useful to get this capital, but we’ve really decided to grow and focus on the cash flow of the company to keep control and be independent from raising more money, although this is something we may have to do in order to ensure the growth to the level we believe we should be. So that’s where we are.Interviewer: At the point when you raised this money, had you been profitable already and just wanted to fuel your growth, or…?Christopher: No, at the time we were not, so they helped us making some important decisions that we would not have made only with bootstrapping. That was very useful. But now we are in a si tuation where we are profitable, and if we raise money it’s more for the growth and we do it in the right conditions for the good reasons.Interviewer: Christopher, we always try to teach some first-time entrepreneurs or people interested in entrepreneurship what not to do or what to focus on. Imaging your best friend calls you and says, ‘Hey Christopher, I’ve got a great business idea’, what advice would you give them?Christopher: I think the main advice â€" and it’s always difficult to say that to entrepreneurs, because to be an entrepreneur you need to be crazy, if you’re not it’s not real â€" but they need also to be very realistic about their own capabilities. There are things we are good at and things we are not good at. That’s for me and that’s for anybody. So my biggest advice would be go and talk to people who have been there, that have expertise, ask them to do some sanity checks at every step as an integral part of your business, and learn from others. As entrepreneurs we tend to be over-optimistic and believe that we know it all, and it’s not the case. So go out there, test your ideas with people who can tell you whether you are right or wrong or in the right direction, and at the end of the day you make up your mind on whether you want to listen to them or not. But at least take this piece of advice from people who maybe have more experience than you.Interviewer: Thank you very much Christopher.Christopher: You’re welcome, thanks for coming.

Buddhist Meditation Center On Buddhism - 1205 Words

I took the opportunity to visit Karma Thegsum Choling Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Center (KTC), located at 1000 Armeda Ave, Irving, TX 75061. The meditation center had recently moved from their Dallas location to Irving. After going through the course material on Buddhism, it got me curious to learn more about the culture, experience live worship ritual, meditation, and architecture of the temple. To understand the religion and culture better, I requested a friend of mine to visit the temple along with me. Since he practices Buddhism and also is a Tibetan, he acted as a personal guide during my visit to the meditation center. With little knowledge about Buddhism, he helped me understand the meaning of different symbols, prayer flags,†¦show more content†¦With two acres of land and two buildings, the meditation center provides peace and tranquility to all its members and for public visitors as well. The buildings are two story house structures with a big mural/painting of Buddha hung on the left-hand side. The vibrant painting of Buddha with blue, white, yellow, and red adds beauty to the house along with its symbolic meaning. With a big front yard, Lama Dudjom Dorjee, the senior Lama of the center holds his morning practices for his members and public attendees. Lama Dudhom Dorjee is the resident teacher at the center. The center holds classes on Buddhist philosophy which is under the guidance of the senior Lama Dorjee. The inside of the center is very aesthetic. With modern exterior, the center has managed to preserve the authenticity of the culture and the practices. There are multiple rooms in the center, which hold classes for children and adults. Filled with wooden cabinets with a different version of Buddha’s statutes the center of the room has a four tire table where it sits a golden statue of Buddha along with prayer incense and flowers. There were bells and vajr as, Sand Mandala, and butter lamp place alongside Buddha’s statue. Every single furniture inside the room consists of excellent details that reflect the culture and history of Buddhism. The wood works are an example of an excellent carpentry. I along with my friend was there

Childhood Obesity A Public Health Issue Essay - 2551 Words

Obesity rates in the United States are alarming, with more than one-third of U.S. adults and 17% of children qualifying as obese with a Body Mass Index greater than 30.0 (Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2015). Even more frightening is the growth rate of this crippling health epidemic; between 1980 and 2014, obesity has doubled for adults and tripled for children (CDC, 2015). The physical consequences of rising obesity rates in our country include an abundance of physical ailments including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, arthritis, elevated cholesterol, and even some cancers. Additionally, obesity-related health care costs to our country are estimated at $147 billion annually, plus the costs of productivity lost at†¦show more content†¦Federally-funded school meal programs, including the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP), serve an average of 31.3 million lunches and 11.1 million breakfasts per day at a cost t o the country of $11.1 billion in 2011 (Food Nutrition Services, 2012). These federally-funded meals are an excellent opportunity for regulation of nutrition as well as education regarding healthy choices. Obesity is clearly a great threat to the health of our nation, and the federal government must step in to defend its citizens against this growing threat. Children are at the mercy of their families, their social conditions, and their schools, predisposing them to obesity through poor nutritional options and a lack of education; the federal government must intervene through regulation of school meals and snacks to protect children from the abundance of unhealthy options while also educating them and reducing childhood obesity. In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which works with Food Nutrition Services to develop guidelines for the NSLP, proposed new regulations for school lunches in the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA). The rules included calorie guidelines according to age group and also outlined requirements for vegetable, fruit, protein, and starch components of the meals. While the USDA guidelines for meals wereShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Issue: Childhood Obesity3264 Words   |  13 PagesPublic Health Issue Obesity is more than a cosmetic concern for Americans; it is a very serious health concern. 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This is the first time we have ever seen our childrenRead MoreFighting the Obesity Epidemic in the UK912 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health aims prevention of health problems before they occur and mainly focuses on population rather than individual (Thorbory, 2009). It also helps to improve the health and well being of individuals, communities and the wider population and prevent from mortality and disability (Nursing Times.net, 2013). Prevention such as immunisation and screening, Protection such as safety and protection from abuse and promotion such as health education are the three main approaches of public health ( RCNRead MorePolicy Priority Issue : The Childhood Obesity Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy priority issue: The childhood obesity Childhood obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. In 2013, the number of overweight children under the age of five was estimated over 42 million. Childhood obesity can cause premature death and disability in adulthood. Overweight and obese children will grow up to become obese adults and are more likely to develop diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at aRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic In Our Nation.1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there isRead MoreEssay on Policy Priority Issue1648 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Marla C. Khalikov Chamberlain College of Nursing NR506 – 10999: Health Care Policy Winter 2014 Policy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Childhood obesity is a global pandemic requiring prioritization in policy and health care reform. It has many effects on acute and long term health, including increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. This paper addressesRead MoreBackground and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care1003 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process to Problems in Health Care Childhood Obesity HCS/465 August 2, 2012 Donald Steacy Introduction The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to health care. The process consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Crisis written by Sameera KarnikRead MoreThe Battle Against Obesity Is A Health Issue Of Great Importance1237 Words   |  5 PagesFor community and public health nurses alike, the battle against obesity is a health issue of great importance. Obesity is shown to be directly responsible for many of the negative health issues we see today. It contributes to higher risk of having chronic disease and poor health (which will be explained). Obesity is a nationwide epidemic stretching across the whole human development spectrum: from childhood obesity, adolescent obesity and adult obesity. The prevalence of children being overweightRead Mo reApplying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process796 Words   |  4 Pagesalso help to define the uniqueness of the study. The article addresses the problem of childhood obesity, which is a significant issue in health care. The prevalence of obesity during childhood is on the increase across various parts of the globe, especially in the United States. Childhood obesity is associated with multiple chronic health conditions, including premature death during adulthood. The childhood health problem is promoted by the modern environment, which encourages overeating of foods thatRead MoreU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spendin g money on food can be expensive, the government

Surf Exel Free Essays

string(80) " and Britannia who already had a strong rural focus, stepped up the gasfurther\." ? HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITEDA Project Report On SURF EXCEL ? 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS†¢ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS†¢ INTRODUCTION†¢ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¢ INDUSTRY ANALYSIS†¢ COMPANY OVERVIEW†¢ FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS†¢ MARKETING MIX OF ORISSA†¢ COMPETITORS ANALYSIS†¢ PROJECT1: o OBJECTIVES o SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY o RESEARCH METHODOLOGY o DATA ANALYSIS  § CONSUMER ANALYSIS o CONCLUSIONS†¢ APPENDIX o CONSUMER’S QUESTIONNAIRE o DETAILED FSA ? 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe project assigned to us was to study the business and marketing practice, competitorsin business and customers of Surf Excel, for Orissa market. We will write a custom essay sample on Surf Exel or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this a questionnaire wasprepared for the consumers. A sample of 53 consumers was surveyed. The respondentswere interviewed in market places across Bhubaneswar. After the analysis we came to the conclusion that the Surf Excel enjoys a space in the top2 positions in brand recall of the consumer. This is a positive sign for HLL. The researchalso shows that the market share of Surf Excel in Orissa’s detergent market isapproximately 66%. Also, from the survey it is evident that brand name, price andcleansing action are three of the most important attributes a consumer looks for in anydetergent brand. Surf Excel enjoys a good reputation with the consumers with respect toall these attributes. Another thing that we noted in this survey was that Television is the most usedinformation source for the consumer. The exact communication recall however, is verypoor among the consumer. This could be attributed to the ever increasing advertisementclutter, across all media. Thus, HLL should consider looking for other media likeoutdoors. It was also noted that over 50% of the consumers who used Surf Excel, would purchasepacks whose size was 1/2 – 1 kg and did not prefer purchasing the 200gm pack. We triedto find out the reason as to why this practice occurred, but to no avail. HLL shouldconsider promoting this pack size in some way, or phase it out totally. Thus, we can conclude that Surf Excel enjoys excellent customer reviews. It gets specialrecognition for its superior cleansing action, the convenient packs it comes in, the ease it ? 4. is available with, and the fact that its price is at par with similar products available in themarket today. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. The primary objective of the study was to understand the customers of Surf Excel ( type/ quality/ their decision making style/ source of information that they use for collecting information regarding Surf Excel) 2. The study was also aimed to understand the business and marketing practice of Surf Excel and the marketing mix used by HLL for Surf Excel. 3. Another important objective of the study was to understand the competitors of Surf Excel. 4. Efforts were also made to evaluate the financial strength and market capabilities of the parent firm, Hindustan Lever Limited. ? 5. INDIAN FMCG INDUSTRYBackgroundThe FMCG sector has been the cornerstone of the Indian economy. Though, the sector has been in existence for quite a long time, it began totake shape only during the last fifty-odd years. The sector touches everyaspect of human life, from looks to hygiene to palate. Perhaps, defining anindustry whose scope is so vast is not easy. Generally, FMCG refers to consumer non-durable goods required for dailyor frequent use. The sector touches every aspect of human life, from looksto hygiene to palate. Perhaps, defining an industry whose scope is so vastis not easy. The FMCG sector consists mainly of sub segments viz. personal care, oral care andhousehold products. This can be further sub-divided into oral care, soaps and detergents,Health and Hygiene products, beauty cosmetics, hair care products, food and dairy-basedproducts, cigarettes, and tea and beverages. Major Indian consumer product companies (like Britannia, PG, HLL, etc. ) have a verystrong presence through their strong brands. Diversified portfolios, wide distributionnetworks and scale economies of these companies deter new players from entering. Brand equity, therefore, is an extremely important factor in FMCG industry. One of theother most critical factors is the ability to build, develop, and maintain a robustdistribution networkPost-reforms, the industrys growth has been hinging around a burgeoning ruralpopulation which has witnessed significant rise in disposable incomes. Consequently, therural markets have been witnessing intense competition in almost all the consumerproduct classes. Another reason which has led to rise in this trend is the saturation inurban markets in most of the consumer non-durable goods categories. This has led to theindustry players scrambling for greater rural penetration as a future growth vehicle, thearea which accounts for 70% of the total Indian householdsSo far, it has been a chequered graph for the MNCs operating in the Indian FMCGindustry. Domestic companies are only beginning to make their presence felt in theindustry. It has taken tremendous consumer insight and market savviness for the FMCGplayers to reach where they are today. But, the journey seems to have just now begun forthe players as the majority of the rural populace are yet to get access to the items of dailyusage like toothpastes, soaps and shampoos. 6. Value for moneyEver since the global recession of 1991-94, which hit consumer spending hard, value-for-money has become the buzzword for FMCG companies globally. These FMCGcompanies embarked upon major restructuring and cost rationalization exercises asbusiness continued to become fiercely competitive. Several packaging innovations werealso resorted to. Ind ia was no different. There was a paradigm shift towards value-for-money products and, to some extent, towards the rural market. What Nirma did all these years suddenly became the buzzword for many FMCG players. Price cuts became inevitable to keep the market share from shrinking. Sometimes, thecuts touched ridiculous levels. Economic recession hit the urban pockets badly and forcedcompanies to train their guns on rural India, which was witnessing a major change in itsaspiration and lifestyles and even had an income that translated into increasing volumes. India’s agrarian economy is fundamentally strong. Rural India accounts for as much as 70per cent of the nation’s population. That means rural India can bring in the much neededvolumes and help FMCG companies to log in volume-driven growth. Companies such asHLL, Colgate and Britannia who already had a strong rural focus, stepped up the gasfurther. You read "Surf Exel" in category "Papers" HLL unleashed its â€Å"Operation Bharat†. Britannia pushed its Tiger biscuits toevery nook and corner of the country, while Colgate went about wooing the rural massesby offering low-priced products in convenient packaging. Those who could not do it ontheir own went piggyback on somebody else. PG, whose distribution is largely urban,chose to leverage Maricos retail reach. PG and Smith Kline Beecham, nonetheless, are interesting cases. With small productportfolios like theirs, they have been able to achieve what others could not and provedthat what you need is a good product, marketed effectively and sold at the right priceOf late, an interesting trend in the Indian FMCG sector has been brand acquisitions. Thisrepresents a growing awareness among the FMCG players are talking today more andmore of product â€Å"fits† while discussing brand acquisitions. It is not just acquiringanything and everything as it was in the pastRural marketing has become the latest marketing mantra of most FMCG majors. True,rural India is vast with unlimited opportunities. All waiting to be tapped by FMCGs. Notsurprising that the Indian FMCG sector is busy putting in place a parallel rural marketingstrategy. Among the FMCG majors, Hindustan Lever, Marico Industries, Colgate-Palmolive and Britannia Industries are only a few of the FMCG majors who have beengung-ho about rural marketing. With reason. Certainly, rural marketing holds the key to success of FMCG companies, which aredesperate to find ways out to gain deeper penetration. Not just the rural population isnumerically large, it is growing richer by the day. Of late, there has been a phenomenalimprovement in rural incomes and rural spending power. ? 7. FMCG sector performance in last decadeThe fmcg sector in India showed a constant decline in the last decade. What started as 20-25% growth rate in year 1994-96, had reached a negative growth rate of -2. 8% in Q1’04. The FMCG sector is now mockingly called SMCG or slow moving consumer goods. ? 8. Source India Today – R K Swamy BBDO Guide to Urban Markets*Soap, Shampoo, Nail Polish, Washing Powder, Footwear, Tea, Coffee, Cigarettes, Electric Bulbs. Rank Towns States Average Monthly Spending on FMCG Products* in Rs. 1 Chandigarh Chandigarh 3,418 2 Greater Maharashtra 2,955 Mumbai 3 Chennai Tamil Nadu 2,886 4 Ahmedabad Gujarat 2,869 5 Vadodara Gujarat 2,816 6 Pune Maharashtra 2,804 7 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 2,684 8 Ludhiana Punjab 2,674 9 Faridabad Haryana 2,596 10 Hyderabad Andhra 2,533 Pradesh ? 9. The Fabric Care Market In IndiaDetergentsThe Indian fabric wash market consists of synthetic detergents (comprising bars, powderand liquids) and oil-based laundry soaps. The detergent powder market is furthersegmented based on price and form. It is characterised by brands from a plethora ofregional and local players competing with the national marketers primarily in the low-priced and mid-priced segmentsThe synthetic detergent market can be classified into premium (Surf, Ariel), mid-price(Rin, Wheel) and popular segments (Nirma), which account for 15%, 40% and 45% ofthe total market, respectively. The product category is fairly mature and is dominated bytwo players, HLL and Nirma. Nirma created a revolution in the market by pioneering theconcept of low-cost detergents. Currently, the market is highly segmented with thedifferential between the premium and popular segments at almost 7X. GrowthAlthough the per capita consumption of detergents in India (2. 7 kg pa) is comparable tosome countries like Indonesia, China and Thailand (around 2 kg pa), it is lower than inothers such as Malaysia, Philippines (3. 7 kg) and the USA (10 kg). High consumerawareness and penetration levels will enable the market to grow at an average 8-10% perannum with slightly higher growth in the rural areas. Higher penetration stems frompopularity of low-cost detergents. Hence, besides increase in per capita consumption,there is tremendous scope for movement up the value chain. Leading Fabricare Brands Available In IndiaSurf ExcelSurf comes from the stables of Hindustan Lever, the largest player in this market with anoffering at each price point. Surf was the first detergent powder brand to be launched in thecountry. It created the detergent powder category and introduced the concept of bucketwash to housewives hitherto used to washing clothes with laundry soap bars. Surf has, since,become generic to detergent market. Consumers refer to all their powders as Surf, evencompetitive powders are called Surf e. g. Nirma Surf ? 10. Selling over 60,000 tonnes per year, Surf is the market leader in the concentrate andpremium powder price segments Surf has always been the first to recognize and respond totrends. Whether it was through Surf with Easy Wash- a low lather variant, in 1994 or Surfwith Wash Boosters (1995) that provided best clean even in hard water. The brand SurfExcel now has three variants – Surf Excel Quickwash, Surf Excel Blue and Surf ExcelAutomatic – which address different laundry needs but each offers stain removal as the keybenefit. In 2003, recognising changing consumer purchase patterns, it once again redefined value forthe consumers by introducing the concept of monthly packs. Sensitive to the increasing concerns on environmental pollution and water scarcity problemsacross the country, it brought to the consumer Surf Excel Quickwash. This low lathervariant is the first eco-friendly detergent in the country, as it uses almost half the water otherdetergents require. Surf has innovated beyond the basic product into other aspects of laundry. Understandingthe need for easy-to-store packaging, tubs and jars were introduced. In order to helpconsumers dose correctly for the best possible clean, measuring scoops were built into thepacks. For convenience seekers, washing has been simplified with the ready to dose packs ofSurf Excel Automatic. Consistent innovation addressing ever-evolving consumer needs has earned the brand aplace in the hearts of consumers. Surf was rated in the top Ten Most Trusted brands in TheEconomic Times survey in 2003WheelWheel is Indias number one detergent brand. Launched in 1987, it cleans effectivelywith lesser effort, making a laborious chore like washing light and easy. Moreover,Wheel does not burn hands or harm clothes like some other detergents, which containa high percentage of soda. Ever since its relaunch in 2001, with the new positioning of best clean with less effort,Wheel has been growing strongly. Research showed that consumers seek a solution to heavyduty laundry, like bed sheets and curtains. Developing on this insight, wheel sought to ? 11. liminate the trouble of tough dirt or heavy-duty laundry. Mass market consumers havewelcomed the solution, making it the number one. Nirma – a home-grown product that revolutionized the detergent market in India, andsuccessfully challenged large multinational leaders in the process. The Nirma success story isa result of its founder, Dr. Karsanbhai Patels relentless focus on quality, cost and value. Thedistribution model, sustained line extensions and umbrella branding strategies have enhancedthe brands cost leadership. Today, the companys two brands, Nirma and Nima, aredistributed through more thantwo million retail outlets across the country, generating grosssales in excess of Rs. 26,000 million. In the fabric care category, Nirma has three productsfor the lower-end market. The Nirma Yellow Washing Powder is available in pack sizes of30 gms, 200 gms, 500 gms and 1 kg, and is ranked as the largest selling single detergentbrand in the world. Nirma is one of the large st selling single detergent brands in the world. Nirma products aresold through two million retailers and reach 400 million. This brand had been ranked as the â€Å"Most widely distributed detergent powder brand in India† as per AllIndia Census of Retail Outlets carried out in 435 urban towns by the AIMS (Asian InformationMarketing Social) Research agency [Brand Equity – The Economic Times, March 11, 1997]. As perthe ORG-MARG Rural Consumer Panel [December 1998] survey, Nirma brand has been ranked ashighest in terms of penetration in washing powder category [BT Rural Market Watch, Business Today, June22, 1999]. ? 12. World-over Ariel epitomizes ‘stain removal’ and removes even the toughest stains in the firstwash. Introduced in India in 1991, Ariel has continuously led other detergents in productinnovation. For example, it pioneered the use of enzyme technology for superior and safestain-removing power, longer-lasting perfume, and the PG proprietary cleaningtechnology, which cleans everyday soil and dirt from garments. Over the years, the brand hasenjoyed endorsement from celebrities such as the former actress and now MP Shabana Azmiand lakhs of other homemakers in India. Tide is the World’s Oldest and Most Trusted Billion Dollar Detergent and is the marketleader in 23 Countries around the world. Tide provides outstanding whiteness on whiteclothes and provides excellent everyday cleaning for colored clothes too. Launched in Indiain mid-2000, the brand has gained popularity among Indian housewives, thanks to itssuperior whitening, creative advertising starring Shekhar Suman, and its Value-for-Moneyproposition. Both Tide and Ariel are billion dollar brands in sales for PG globally. Now Large Packs of Tide and Ariel – World’s Best Detergents at Rs. 3/- and Rs. 50/- only Mumbai, India — March 02, 2004 — Procter Gamble today announced that it has reduced the prices of Ariel and Tide bags (large packs) by 20-50%, while maintaining the superior quality. The superior quality ? kg pack of Tide now cleans a family’s one-month laundry in just Rs. 23/-, while a ? kg pack of Ariel cleans a family’s one-month laundr y in just Rs. 50/-. This significant price reduction will now allow many more Indian consumers to experience the world-class experience of outstanding whiteness from Tide and superior stain-removal from Ariel in every wash. The new prices of Ariel and Tide are as follows: ? 13. Old Price New Price Old Price New Price Pack Size PGs move to slash Ariel Ariel Tide Tide detergent prices is 200gm Rs. 30 Rs. 22 Rs. 20 Rs. 10 ostensibly to get more consumers to 500gm Rs. 70 Rs. 50 Rs. 43 Rs. 23 experience its brands 1kg Rs. 135 Rs. 99 Rs. 85 Rs. 46 but the industry sees it primarily as a 1. 5kg Rs. 180 Rs. 145 N. A* N. A move to wrest the advantage from HLL 2kg N. A N. A Rs. 160 Rs. 88 in a sluggish market. The prices of sachets (20gm) of Ariel and Tide remain unchanged. N. A = Not Available in that size. Six months ago, PG reduced the prices of Ariel and Tide sachets by 50% in order toencourage a larger number of consumers to experience their superior quality. The bettervalue offer on sachets received such an overwhelming, positive response from consumersacross India that PG was encouraged to offer the irresistible value to Ariel and Tide bagusers as well, thereby make the world’s best detergents acces sible to a larger number ofIndian consumers. PG talked to over 3,000 consumers across the length and breadth of India and observedover 25,000 washing sessions in consumers’ homes. Consumers believed in the superiorquality of Ariel and Tide but indicated ‘pricing’ as a constraint in using Ariel and Tide on aregular basis. The drop in prices by the PG has forced HLL to also react in a similar way thus shrinkingthe overall profit margins for the group. While the immediate impact of any price slash isbound to result in more volumes and thereby shares for the companies concerned,improving margins in the business remains doubtful. 14. Company OverviewHindustan Lever Limited (HLL) is Indias largest fast moving consumer goodscompany, with leadership in Home Personal Care Products and Foods Beverages. HLLs brands, spread across 20 distinct consumer categories, touch the lives of two out of 1888 Sunlight soapthree Indians. They endow the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 introduced inmillion tonnes and sales of Rs. 10,000 crores. India. The leading business magazine, Forbes Global, has rated Hindustan Lever as the bestconsumer household products company. Far Eastern Economic Review has rated HLL asIndia’s most respected company. Asiamoney has rated HLL as one of India’s best managedcompanies. Leading national publications, like The Economic Times, Business World, and 1895Business Today have also rated HLL as one of India’s most respected companies and the Lifebuoy soapnumber one in Market Value Added and EVA. launchedHLL is Indias largest marketer of Soaps, Detergents and Home Care products. It has thecountry’s largest Personal Products business, leading in Shampoos, Skin Care Products,Colour Cosmetics and Deodorants. HLL is also the market leader in Tea, ProcessedCoffee, branded Wheat Flour, Tomato Products, and Ice cream, Soups, Jams and 1902Squashes. Pears soap introduced inHLL is also one of the countrys biggest exporters and has been recognized as a Golden IndiaSuper Star Trading House by the Government of India; it is a net foreign exchange earner. HLL is Indias largest exporter of branded fast moving consumer goods. The companysExports portfolio includes HLLs brands of Soaps and Detergents, Personal Products,Home Care Products, Tea and Coffee. HLL is also driving exports in chosen areas whereIndia has a competitive advantage – Marine Products, Basmati Rice, Castor Oil and its 1903 Brooke BondDerivatives. It is Indias largest exporter of Marine products, and one of the largest global Red Label teaplayers in castor. launched. Market leading brandsHLL’s brands have become household names. The company’s strategy is to concentrate itsresources on 35 national power brands, and 10 other brands which are strong in certain 1905regions. The top five brands together account for sales of over Rs. 3000 crores. Each of Lux flakesthese mega brands has a potential scale of Rs. 1000 crores in the foreseeable future. introducedSome of the big brands in Soaps and Detergents are Lifebuoy, Lux, Liril, Hamam,,Pears,Rexona Dove, (all soaps), Surf Excel, Surf, Rin, Wheel (all detergents). HLLalso markets the Vim and Domex range of Home Care Products. 1913In the Personal Products business, HLLs Hair Care franchises are Clinic, Sunsilk and Lux Vim scouringshampoos. In Oral Care, the portfolio comprises Close-up and Pepsodent toothpastes and powdertoothbrushes. In Skin Care, HLL markets Fair Lovely Skin Cream and Lotion, the introduced. largest selling Skin Care Product in India; a brand developed in India, it is now exported toover 30 countries. It has been extended as an Ayurvedic cream, an under-eye cream, soap ? 15. and talc, in line with the strategy to take brands across relevant categories. The other majorSkin Carefranchises are Pond’s, Vaseline, Lakme and Pears. In Colour Cosmetics, HLLmarkets the Lakme and Elle-18 ranges. In Deodorants, the key brands are Rexona, Axe, 1930Denim and Ponds, while the Talc brands are Ponds, Liril, Fair Lovely, Vaseline and Unilever isLifebuoy. Axe and Denim are HLL’s franchises for Men’s toiletries. formed on January 1HLL has recently launched Lever Ayush Ayurvedic Health Personal Care Products. Health Care is among the new businesses HLL has chosen to enter. The product rangecomprises Cough Naashak Syrup, Headache Naashak Roll-on, Dandruff NaashakShampoo, Hair Rakshak Oil and Body Rakshak Soap. The purity of the Ayurvedic 1931ingredients in Lever Ayush is endorsed by the renowned Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (AVP) of HindustanCoimbatore. It is for the first time that rigorous testing procedures of the pharmaceutical Vanaspatiindustry have been applied to Ayurvedic products. That is why the brand seal is ‘Truth of ManufacturingAyurveda; Proof of Science’. Company registered on November 27HLL has started franchised Lakme Beauty Salons, offering standardised services, in linewith the strategy to add a service dimension to relevant brands. The company has set up the Hindustan Lever Network, a direct selling channel, offering 1932the Lever Home range of Laundry and Home Care products and the Aviance Personal Vanaspati manufactureCare range. starts at SewriThe company has also begun an e-tailing service, called Sangam, which can home-deliveron order by phone or through the Net, a diverse range of about 5000 branded andunbranded products. The service is now available in select areas of Mumbai and NaviMumbai, besides Thane. 1939HLL is one of the world’s largest packet Tea marketers. Its Tea brands – Taj Mahal, Red Garden ReachLabel, Taaza, – are among the top brands in the country; it also markets Lipton Ice Tea. Factory purchasedHLL and Pepsi have formed an alliance to distribute a full range of tea and coffee and soft outrightbeverages through vending machines; HLL already has a base of around 15000 suchmachines. The coffee business comprises Bru Instant Coffee and Deluxe Green LabelRoast Ground Coffee. The Kissan and Knorr Foods range comprises Spreads Jams, Biscuit Sticks, Soups, 1943 Personal ProductsSquashes, Tomato Ketchup, Sauces, Puree, and Cooking Aids. Popular Foods, like Wheat manufactureFlour and Iodized Edible Salt, under the Knorr Annapurna brand name, have met with begins in India atremarkable success. The range has been expanded with ready-to-eat 10-second chapatis. Garden ReachThe innovative offerings are changing consumer habits into using processed, hygienic, Factoryhealthy and convenient products. The Kwality-Walls Ice Cream range comprises exotic Sundaes, Viennetta Desserts,popular ‘Impulse’ segment products like Max, Cornetto and Feast, and Cornetto Ripple 1947Softies. Ponds Cold Cream launched. Max was extended in 2001 as sugar confectioneries, because children are a key consumersegment in confectioneries too. This is among the new businesses HLL has chosen toenter. ? 16. HLL has acquired Modern Food Industries (India) Limited, entering the bread market. Modern Foods was the first Public Sector Undertaking to be disinvested. Besides 1959 Surf launched. upgrading the existing Modern products, HLL has launched new products, among thembiscuits. HLL is liberating its brands from their existing category mindset. Historically, brandsoriginated and stayed within a category format. HLL sees its Power Brands as being able tooccupy a unique position in the consumers mind and therefore being able to stretch intoother product formats and categories. All such initiatives have had a promising start, and 1964there are more to come. Etah dairy set up, Anik ghee launched; Animal feeds plant atThe Distribution network Ghaziabad; Sunsilk shampooHLL’s distribution network is recognised as one of its key strengths — that which helps launched. each out its products across the length and breadth of this vast country. The need for astrong distribution network is imperative, since HLL’s corporate purpose is â€Å"to meet theeveryday needs of people everywhere. †HLLs products, manufactured across the country, the operations involve over 2,000 1969 Rin bar launchedsuppliers and associates. HLLs distribution network, comprising about 7,000redistribution stockiest about one million retai l outlets, directly covers the entire urbanpopulation, and about 250 million rural consumers. In addition to the ongoing commitment to the traditional grocery trade, HLL is building aspecial relationship with the small but fast emerging modern trade. HLLs scale enables itto provide superior customer service including daily servicing, improving their rangeavailability whilst reducing inventories. HLL is using the opportunity of interfacing more 1975 Close-updirectly with consumers in this retail environment through specially designed toothpastecommunication and promotions. This is building traffic into the stores while yielding high launched.. growth for the business. An IT-powered system has been implemented to supply stocks to redistribution stockistson a continuous replenishment basis. The objective is to catalyse HLL’s growth by 1978ensuring that the right product is available at the right place in right quantities, in the most Fair Lovely skin creamcost-effective manner. For this, stockists have been connected with the company through launched.. an Internet-based network, called RSNet, for online interaction on orders, dispatches,information sharing and monitoring. RS Net covers about 80% of the companys turnover. 930 Unilever is formed onHLLs foray into Network Marketing January 1 1988 Launch ofAs per the market surveys conducted it is expected that the consumer market in India is Lipton Taazaworth 13000 crores per year and in few years the network market will capture 500 crores as tea. per market surveys, considering the potential Hindustan Lever has launched HindustanLever Network (HLN), a unique Network Marketing opportunity . ? 1 7. 1991The Network marketing concept Surf Ultra detergent launched. In the normal marketing system, the manufacturer supplies the products through themiddle men such as brokers, wholesalers and retailers. These middle-men add theirestablishment costs and their own margin of profit or commission on the price. Thisincreases the price by approximately 45 per cent. The consumer therefore gets the productat atleast a 45 per cent markup from the manufacturers price. 1993 Tata Oil Mills CompanyIn network marketing, these middle men are eliminated. A person is invited to join and (TOMCO),become a member (also called Consultant) of the network marketing company. This merges with theperson in turn invites many more people to join under him to form a group. These group companymembers, in turn invite their acquaintance to join under them. This group is made tosteadily grow and it can grow into thousands or tens of thousands, in the course of time,depending upon the enthusiasm with which the Consultant pursue the sponsorship of newConsultants. 1994 HLL introducesThese Consultants make purchases of the products of the marketing company for self use Walls. and also for sale to other consumers. For their loyalty in regularly purchasing the products,the marketing co. gives discounts, handsome bonuses, rewards and special incentives. Each consultant in the group gets his shares of benefits depending upon the purchasesmade by him and also by the number of the consultant under him (called downlines). This 1995is called network marketing. HLL enters brandedThe growth in the beginning will be slow, from 1 to 2 to 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. but later on it will be rapid, staples1000 to 2000 to 4000†¦.. and so on. Given below are the approx. benefits received, business with saltdepending upon your group strength and on the assumption that each consultant haspurchased goods worth Rs 1,000/- in the month. The benefits will be more for higherpurchases and bigger groups. Group Strength Benefits: 1996 HLL introduces253Nos(1+12+60+180) Rs17,938/- branded atta; Surf Excel launched1531Nos(1+18+216+1296) Rs64,558/-3061Nos(1+36+432+2592) Rs 1,28,818/- 2002 HLL enters Ayurvedic health beauty centre. ? 18. Shakti-Hll Rural ProjectShakti is HLLs rural initiative, which targets smallvillages with population of less than 2000 people or less. It seeks to empower underprivileged rural women byproviding income-generating opportunities, health andhygiene education through the Shakti Vani programme,and creating access to relevant information through theiShakti community portal. Started in 2001, Shakti has already been extended to about50,000 villages in 12 states – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chattisgarh, UttarPradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and WestBengal. The respective state governments and several Project Shakti – By using self-helpNGOs are actively involved in the initiative. Shakti already groups, HLL has pushed its productshas about 13,000 women entrepreneurs in its fold. A typical down into the country. Into villagesShakti entrepreneur earns a sustainable income of about where people cannot spend more thanRs. 00 -Rs. 1,000 per month, which is double their average Rs 20-25 on FMCGs in a monthhousehold income. Project Shakti will expand the distribution cover bottom-up, the rural project will be top-down. Thiswill be a huge competitive advantage for Lever. The costs of expanding into these villages will betoo high for most companies, which do not have a portfolio spanning teas to deterge nts,In recent past Hindustan lever took some major decisions to remodel its business. These decisionshad major impact on the how distribution of lever products is managed in the market. Hindustan lever took the decision to simplify the company it merged all the different business unitsinto two large divisions: home and personal care (HPC) and foods and beverages (FB). This gaveeach division â€Å"The advantage is that these divisions get us enormous scale,† The companydecided to whittle its brands down from 110 to 35, over the next three years. This is known asHLL’s Power Brand strategy. To identify these power brands, managers were asked to consider their growth potential, profitdelivery and the size of the opportunity. And to ensure that Lever would not lose sales, it wasdecided to migrate these brand users to the designated power brands. For one, the drastic slimmingdown of the brand portfolio which threw up huge problems in execution is now over. HLL is already combining its scale advantage to offer retailers a bigger basket of products and betterservice. Instead of different sales teams servicing the same retailer, the company has integrated bothHPC and Foods portfolios for modern trade chains like Margin Free. Once again, its large portfolio ? 19. ange helps Lever to use the power of customer relationships to corner greater shelf space and adisproportionately higher share of the branded segment. Modern trade, it reckons, is already growing at 15-20 per cent and will continue that way for a longtime. By bulking up the businesses, it is possible for Lever to service these modern trade outlets on adaily business. As a result, these retailers do not have to maintain high inventory levels. HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED — BOARD OF DIRECTORSMr. Harish Manwani Non Executive chairmanMr. M. K. Sharma Vice ChairmanMr. Arun Adhikari Managing Director (Home Personal Care)Mr. S. Ravindranathan Managing Director (Foods)Mr. D. Sundaram Finance IT DirectorMr. A. Narayan DirectorMr. V. Narayan DirectorMr. D. S. Parekh DirectorMr. C. K. Prahlad Director ? 20. The CompetitorsThe Indian FMCG markets have witnessed some of the classic struggles involving HLL. Sofar Levers have been able to stand their ground but times are changing. HLL’s response tothe latest challenges is being eagerly studied by the corporate India. In order to gain afoothold in Indian FMCG sector various domestic and MNC companies are using all kind ofschemes to woo customer from HLL. The major competitors of HLL are:Detergents: PG, Nirma, Henkel SpicToothpaste: Colgate-PalmoliveBeverages: Rasna, Coca-Cola (Sun fill)Tea: Tata teaCoffee: NestleIce-creams: AmulShampoo: PG, Garnier Procter GamblePG Home Products Limited is a 100% subsidiary of The Procter Gamble Company,USA. PG Home Products Limited is one of Indias fastest growing Fast Moving ConsumerGoods Companies that has in its portfolio PGs global brands such as Ariel and Tide in theFabric Care segment, and in the Hair Care segment: Head Shoulders – worlds largestselling anti-dandruff shampoo; Pantene – worlds No. beauty shampoo; and Rejoice – AsiasNo. 1 shampoo. Fabric CareProcter Gamble has two of its world-leading detergents – Tide and Ariel, in India to caterto the main concerns of the Indian households. In India PG has launched followingbrands: †¢ Ariel Front-O-Mat Ariel 2 Fragrances †¢ Tide Detergent †¢ Tide BarHair CareIn India, PG’s beauty care busin ess comprises of Pantene, the world’slargest selling shampoo, Head Shoulders, the world’s No. 1 Anti-dandruffshampoo and Rejoice – Asia’s No. 1 Shampoo. †¢ Pantene Pro V †¢ Head Shoulders †¢ Rejoice ? 1. Baby Care †¢ PampersIn India, PG will continue to be a midget, in turnover terms, when compared to HindustanLever. The two PG subsidiaries in India (PG Hygiene and PG Home Products) todaygenerate a combined turnover of about Rs 1,100 crore, just a tenth of Hindustan Leverssales. PGs distribution network is largely urban and has a reach of 0. 4 m outlets. In 1994, Godrej entered into a strategic alliance with PG for inter alia toilet soap business,under which Godrej used to manufacture soaps, which were marketed by a joint venturecompany. However post marketing alliance with PG, the company lost significant part ofits market share and subsequently the arrangement was discontinued. Godrej’s entiredistribution network was then taken over by PG. THE Procter Gamble -Gillette deal could result in the former getting a significant boostboth to its scale of operations and range of products in the Indian market. That Gillettesportfolio of shaving razors, gels, grooming products and toothbrushes has no overlap withthat of PG in India (shampoos, detergents, feminine hygiene, cold medication) is apositive. The addition of Gillettes businesses could help PG expand its portfolio andacquire a more extensive distribution network; This may strengthen PGs hand in theongoing war for market share with Unilever arms in the Asian markets, particularly withHindustan Lever in India. NirmaNirma is one of the few names – which is instantly recognized as a true Indian brand, whichtook on mighty multinationals and rewrote the marketing rules to win the heart of princess,i. e. the consumer. It was way back in ‘60s and ‘70s, where the domestic detergent market had only premiumsegment, with very few players and was dominated by MNCs. It was 1969, when KarsanbhaiPatel started door-to-door selling of his detergent powder, priced at an astonishing Rs. 3 perkg, when the available cheapest brand in the market was Rs. 13 per kg. In a short span,Nirma created an entirely new market segment in domestic marketplace, which is, eventuallythe largest consumer pocketand quickly emerged as dominating market player. Now, the year 2004 sees Nirma’s annualsales touch 800,000 tones, making it one of the largest volume sales with a single brandname in the world. Looking at the FMCG synergies, Nirma stepped into toilet soapsrelatively late in 1990 butthis did not deter it to achieve a volume of 100,000 per annum. This makes Nirma thelargest detergent and the second largest toilet soap brand in India with market share of 38%and 20% respectively. SoapsIn 1992, sensing a strong need to expand the market through PenetrativePricing, Nirma entered this market with the launch of ‘Nirma Bath Soap’‘Nirma Beauty Soap’ . In 1998 Nirma expanded its product line in the soap ? 22. ategory by introducing ‘Nirma Lime Fresh’ ‘Nirma Rose’. This brand had carved a nichein its segment by achieving leadership position just within two months of its launch. It isavailable in 100g and 150g pack sizes. Nirma entered the premium soap segment when itlaunched ‘Nirma Sandal’DetergentsNirma launched â€Å"Nirma Washing Powder† in Indian market in year 1969, This productwas priced at almost one third to that of the competitor brands, resulting into instant trial bythe consumers. Presently Nirma has different variants in Indian market. Nirma washing powderNirma superNirma popularEdible SaltNirma has also entered the Food market in the recent past with launch of Nirma Shudh. ? 23. FINANCIAL ANALYSISRatio Analysis ? 24. All figures in Rs cr Particulars Dec 2001 Dec 2002 Dec 2003 Dec 2004 Sales 12420. 71 10641. 15 11919. 04 11594. 65 Total assets 7089. 06 7761. 01 8104. 68 7820. 34 Net worth 3170. 86 3713. 91 2189. 22 2148. 67 Borrowings 102. 55 86. 23 1715. 18 1604. 25 Capital Employed 3273. 41 3800 3904 3752 Debtors 1254. 38 1169. 49 1228. 55 793. 56 PAT 1576. 47 1757. 59 1687. 3 1208. 4 PBDIT 2211. 63 2461. 31 2462. 92 1875. 63 Depreciation 202. 63 192. 65 199. 99 195. 68 PBIT 2009 2269 2262. 9 1680Current liabilities Provisions 3709. 17 3841. 92 4084. 71 3919. 71 Current assets 3505 3510 3610 3132 Current assets -Inventories 2201 2146 2120 1574 Long term Debt 102. 55 86. 23 1715. 18 1604. 25 Interest 12. 31 12. 86 69. 12 136. 25 Total Purchases 6077. 97 5389. 04 5438 5413. 77 Profitability Ratios Operating Profit Margin (%) 16. 17 21. 30 19 14. 5 Net Profit Margin Ratio (%) 12. 68 16. 51 14. 15 10. 42 ROTA (%) 28. 3 29. 23 27. 92 21. 5 ROCE 61. 37 59. 72 58 44. 77 Return on Equity (%) 49. 71 47. 3 77 56. 23 Liquidity Ratios Current ratio 0. 944 0. 91 0. 88 0. 79 Quick Ratio 0. 59 0. 55 0. 52 0. 40 Absolute Cash Ratio 0. 25 0. 254 0. 218 0. 20 Solvency Ratios Debt Equity Ratio . 032 0. 023 0. 78 0. 75 Interest Coverage Ratio 163. 2 176 32. 74 12. 33 Efficiency Ratios Debtor Days 38. 85 40. 11 37. 62 25 Creditor days 135. 31 149. 2 131. 62 145. 23 Total assets turnover ratio 1. 75 1. 37 1. 47 1. 48 ? 25. Interpretation: †¢ Profitability Ratios:HLL earns 14. paisa on every Re. 1 of Sale before Interest and Taxes It ultimately makes 10. 42paisa on every Re. 1 of Sale after Interest and Taxes. It is visible that Hindustan Lever Ltd. has not been able to increase its Operating Profit marginconstantly over the years. We can see that the operating margin has decreased considerable in thelast y ear. This is mainly due to the fact that the interest cost of HLL has almost doubled from 69. 12crores to 136. 25 crores. Moreover the company’s operating expenses have increased by almost 75% in the year 2004. The efficiency has certainly decreased over the last few years mainly owing tohigh operating expenses , increased interest burden and high indirect taxes. The Net Profit Marginhas also decreased by 17. 8 % in 2004 as compared to 2001. This is mainly due to the decrease insales by Rs. 826 cr. HLL generates 21. 5% Return on Total Assets (ROTA) that it employs in its operations in theyear ended 2004. ROTA has decreased in the last year mainly due to the fact that its profit marginhas decreased. It could be ecause of high competition as a result of which profits have decreasedand the total assets of the company have increased. As we can see that the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) for Hindustan lever Limited hasdecreased considerably during the last year mainly due to lower profit margins. The company isearning a return of 44. 77% on the funds employed by it. Though the ROCE has seen aconsiderable change, even now the company is getting good enough returns and can pay goodenough divide nds to the shareholders as we saw the case in the year 2004 where the rate ofdividend was 250%. The Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) states how much profit a company earned in comparisonto total amount of shareholders equity on the balance sheet of the company. Here, we see that theROE of HLL has increased in comparison to the year 2001 but this cant be concluded as afavourable situation for the company as looking at the figures in detail we can notice that there hasbeen a near to 30% decrease in ROE in comparison to the year 2003 , also we do see that the PATof the company has fallen by about 23% and the shareholders equity has also decreased by 32% incomparison to the year 2004. But Even now an ROE of about 56. 3% is considered to be verygood. †¢ Liquidity Ratios:It can be seen from the above table that the Current Ratio for all the years is less than 1. Thissignifies that HLL has short term liabilities greater than the short term assets. It implies that thecompany would have problems in managing its short term liabilities and liquidity requirements. The company might have t o resort to financing its short term liquidity requirements by long termsources of finance. We can observe that the current assets have decreased by 13 % and at the same time the currentliabilities have decreased by just 4 % in the last year. The reason is that since the company is ? 26. using long term sources of finance to fund its short term obligations therefore the interest burdenhas increased and as a result the cash balance has decreased . Other receivables have also decreasedby more than 66% leading to a fall in current assets. †¢ Solvency Ratios:The company was highly unleveraged in the years 2001 and 2002. It was risky as the company hadinvested a huge amount of its own funds as compared to debt. However in the last 2 years thecompany has changed its policy and is leveraging the advantage of debt along with equity. Thoughthe debt equity ratio of 0. 75 is not good enough as compared to industry norms of 2:1 but thecompany is moving towards a favourable debt equity mix. It has realized the importance of tradingon equity . The Company has increased its debt burden by 1470% in the last 4 yearsInterest Coverage Ratio(ICR) basically signifies the ability of a firm to service its interest burdenthrough the profits generated . In the initial years when the firm had not employed debt its interestburden was very low. As a result the Interest Coverage ratio is very high, gradually the companyhas employed more debt and as a result of which the interest burden has increased significantly. Moreover, due to high competition and operating inefficiency the earnings of the company havedeclined. As a result the ICR has reduced from 163. 2 to 12. 33 in the last 4 years. However an ICRof 12. 33 is still very impressive which reflects the company’s ability to pay interests on loanseasily. This is a good indicator to the various financial institutions providing long term sources offinance to HLL. Efficiency Ratios:Here, we see that the Debtors Days for the company is less than the Creditor Days of thecompany. From this we can interpret that the company has a favorable cash position as it is makingits payments long after receiving the dues from the debtors. Here, from the Asset Turnover Ratiowe can know how efficiently the firm is using its assets, the ratio for which is pretty low for thecompany. The C reditor Days as well as Debtor Days both show negative growth which reflectsnegatively on the company’s financials. The Asset Turnover Ratio also shows negative growthwhich is also not a good sign for the company. Thus, looking into these figures we can analyze thatthe efficiency level of the company has gone down vis-a-vis the previous years and hence thecompany needs to look urgently into these matters so as to improve the efficiency of the company. O DU-PONT RATIO ANALYSIS:The Du Pont ratio analysis is a combination of financial ratios in a series in order to assess theinvestment returns of the company. It combines the financial ratios of both the Income Statementas well as the Balance Sheet in order to assess either the Return on Equity or the Return onInvestment. One of the Plus points of this method is that it provides a clear understanding of howthe company generates its return. This analysis provides an insight into the importance of assetturnover as well as sales to overall return. This formula shows the relationship of profit margin andturnover how these two complement each other. ? 27. The Du Pont ratio divides the Return on equity into three parts: Net Profit Margin, total assetturnover, and the company’s use of leverage referred to as Equity Multiplier also. DU-PONT CHART FOR HLL FOR THE YEAR 2004 RETURN ON EQUITY =PAT/NETWORTH 56. 3% Equity NET PROFIT TOTAL ASSET Multiplier MARGIN TURNOVER =TA/NW =PAT/NETSALES =SALES/TA =10. 42% =1. 48 =3. 64% RETURN ON ASSETS ROA=PAT/TA =15. 44%Growth Trends Over The Years Particulars Dec-01 Dec-02 Dec-03 Dec-04 ? 28. Sales 12420. 71 10641. 15 11919. 04 11594. 65Expenditure 10627 8690 9941 10076Change InSales (%) — -14. 33 12 -2. 7Change InExpenditure(%) — -18. 22 14. 39 1. 35Ch ange inPBIT (%) — 12. 94 -0. 26 -25. 75Change inPAT (%) — 11. 48 -3. 99 -28. 38Change inBorrowings(%) — -15. 91 1889 6. 46Change InInterest (%) — 4. 46 437. 48 97. 12 ? 29. COMMON MARKETING MIX FOR ALL MARKETS 1. Product consists of brand, quality, appearance, 2. Price Structure consists of prices, dealers and consumers discounts. 3. Promotional activities consist of advertising, media. 4. Placement (distribution) system consists of dealers, distributors, retailers and overall logistics. MARKETING MIX FOR RURAL MARKET 1. Product 2. Price 3. Promotion 4. Placement system 5. Packaging-Reason for putting it separately is because symbols and packaging becomes very important when literacy levels are very low. 6. Retailer is the one who gives all information about brand choice and consumer feedback. 7. Education is very important for rural sector-eg. Project Shakti 8. Empowerment Example-Project Shakti and Self Help Groups. PRODUCTSurf derives its name from ‘Surfactant’ the basic ingredient of a detergent. After 44 years, Surf brand has been upgraded and made more modern and contemporary. Surf has changed – the entire brand is now called â€Å"Surf Excel†. Continuousimprovements in the formulation of the product and introduction of new ingredients e. g. enzymes, along with new perfumes have ensured that the product meets the evolvingconsumer needs. The brand Surf Excel now has three variants – Surf Excel Quickwash, ? 0. Surf Excel Blue and Surf Excel Automatic – which address different laundry needs buteach offers stain removal as the key benefit. Surf Excel Blue Target segment: Economic segment. Attributes:-Removes stains without fading colours. Sizes avalaible: 25gm, 200gm, 500gm, 750gm, 1. 5kg, 3kgSurf Excel Quickwash (also called as Surf Excel Easy wash)(Hitherto known as just Surf Excel) Target segment: Superior quality for washing machine users. Sizes available:- 20gm, 20gm, 500gm, 1kg, 1. 5kg Attributes:-Stain removalSurf Excel Automatic Target segment:-Washing machine owners –Top and front loading machines . Sizes available:- 600gm, 1kg Attributes: Low lather detergent, anti corrosive, stain removal, ensures longer life of fabric. PRICELatest price war between detergent majors, Hindustan Lever (HLL), Proctor and GambleIndia (PG), Nirma and Henkel-Spic India (HSIL) has proved that price in the marketingmix is very critical for growth of HLL products. If Surf excel prices were reduced to match the price cuts of their competitor (PG),simultaneously they had to ramp up spending on advertising and promotions to increaseconsumption and penetration in the market and retain values of premium brand ? 1. PROMOTIONSSurf communication has been pleasant, soothing and gentle, Surf Excel has had adistinctively bold ‘tongue in cheek’ style of communication. Promotions for Surf Excelare more often than not tactical weapons. Gift is offered to the consumer to gain short-term patronage or to engineer enhanced consumption. Choice of various promotionalgifts is usually governed by what can be bo ught cheap rather than any brand-relatedfactors. Surf Excel has always been sensitive enough to recognise the change in the consumerchoice dynamics. In some of their promotions, they have pampered influencersconsidering that brand choice in family products is a collective exercise. Various promotions being used for Surf are: †¢ Scholarship offer –Rs five lakh scholarship. Extremely rare and intelligent use of the marketing budget. Beauty of this promotion is in its design. An innovative and clever way of underscoringthe core promise of Surf Excel — stain removal!! Visual depiction in the ad is student-focussed — there are no mothers or daughters to be seen in the ad. Most of the people inthe ad are in their teens. The protagonist himself is barely in his teens. This can be anindication towards changing consumer algorithm. This was backed by Win with Stains campaign – one of the largest campaigns taken upby Surf excel. This promotion is happening in Orissa markets which is aimed at offering consumers achance to win prizes as well as give students an opportunity to pursue further studies. Theaim of the whole campaign is to drive home the point that stains are good in life and oneis not to be scared to get themselves dirty. They are not only doing road shows,advertisements but branded horoscope columns in keeping with the theme of luck andfortune. They have roped in former South African cricketer Jonty Rhodes to participate in theWin with stains washathon to wash the largest stain in town with kids of the NGO -Magic Bus †¢ 1 bucket free with 3kg of Surf Excel has really managed to increase sales revenue of Surf excel. This is the most successful consumer promotion till date in Orissa market. †¢ Surf KidStains – a roadshow that invites consumers to get first-hand experience of using Surf. Surf has taken communication beyond mass media advertising and involved consumersin the brand’s promise in the real world. It has touched consumer’s life through schoolcontact and in-store programmes. Road shows have helped to go to the consumers anddemonstrate superior performance vis-a-vis competition. ? 32. PLACEMENT SYSTEMIn Orissa, HLL has around 100 dealers and distributors. But HLL is into the exercise ofreducing number of channels in Orissa by increasing territory size of each dealer. HLL Distribution in Rural MarketsHLL has come up with new distribution channels to cater to rural markets. For long-term benefits, HLL has mounted an initiative, Project Streamline, to furtherincrease its rural reach with the help of rural sub-stockists. It has already appointed 6000such sub-stockists. As a result, the distribution network directly covers about 50,000villages, reaching about 250 million consumers. The pivot of Streamline is the RuralDistributor (RD), who has 15-20 rural sub-stockists attached to him. Each of these sub-stockists is located in a rural market. The sub-stockists then performs the role of drivingdistribution in neighboring villages using unconventional means of transport such astractor, bullock cart,etc. The Streamline system has extended direct HLL reach in these markets to about 37% ofIndias rural population from 25% in 1995 and the number of HLL brands and SKUsstocked by village retailers has gone up significantly. ? 33. PACKAGINGPackaging plays a key role in rural markets. Since customers are daily wage earners andthey don’t have monthly incomes like the urban consumers have, so Surf excel ispackaged in smaller sizes of 20gm so that they can afford given their kind of incomestreams. EDUCATIONSince vast majority of rural India lacks even basic education levels and modern outlook,HLL is training their new sellers to basic education levels. This is example of ProjectShakti which is explained in detail later. EMPOWERMENTHLL runs the program of Self-Help Groups (SHG), which operate like direct-to-homedistributors. The mo del consists of groups of (15-20) villagers below the poverty line(Rs. 750 per month) taking micro-credit from banks, and using that to buy HLL products,which they will then directly sell to consumersPrices of products 20gm 25gm 200gm 500gm 600gm 750gm 1kg 1. 5kg 3 kgSurf Quickwash 2 NA 23 53 NA NA 103 153 NASurf Automatic NA NA NA NA 90 NA 145 NA NASurf Blue NA 2 16 40 NA 53 NA 103 220 ? 34. Range of productsIf we divide detergent industry into three tiers – †¢ Premium at Rs. 80-140 per kg †¢ Mid-price at Rs. 30-50 per kg †¢ Popular at Rs. 15-25 per kgPopular segment accounts for 80% of the detergent industry. HLL leads in detergent powders withPremium – Surf ExcelMid price – SunlightPopular – Rin, WheelDealers and distributorsRetail Distributor MarginsExample of various distributor discounts on sale of these variants. Sale of 200gm Surf Excel Dealer Discount of 8%Sale of 20 gm Surf Excel Dealer Discount of 12%Wholesale Distributor MarginsThey get a standard discount of 1. % on sale of any variantStrategies in Orissa market 1. Shakti ProgramWith a twin objective of creating â€Å"income-generating capabilities† for underprivilegedrural women and â€Å"improving their rural living standard† through health and hygieneawareness, the Project Shakti is implemented in Orissa. Housewives and old ladies are targeted for th is project. They are trained and given basiceducation to sell products. All products which are priced below Rs 5 are sold through thisproject. The sellers which are all ladies are paid margins of 3% on their sale of products. Now out of a total of 15,454 Shakti Entrepreneurs across India, Orissa hasover 928 (6%)Shakti Entrepreneurs spread across 22 districts. They are operating through Self Help Groups (SHGs) which is makes women direct-to-home distributors of HLL. Partnerships with several NCOs and support from stategovernments have been key enablers for the programme. Currently women entrepenuersare earning an average income of Rs. 7007- per month, doubling their household income. For the SHG women, it provides a stable, sustainable source of income. For villagers, thischannel has become a source of genuine and correctly priced products. ? 35. SALES TREND IN BHUBANESHWARBig Bazaar ,BhubaneshwarSales figures of Surf excel and is competitors Surf Ariel TideJuly sales 1,21,000 26,246 71,672July sold quantity 1787 pieces 341 pieces 1996 pieces ? 36. MARKET SHARE OF SURF Bhubaneswar, 20% Orissa, 35% Surf Excel Surf Blue Orissa, 65% Bhubaneswar, 80%SALE OF SURF EXCEL ON BASIS OF DIFERENT SIZES 10% 25% 20gm 200gm 500gm others(1kg,1. 5kg) 15%50%SALE OF SURF BLUE ON BASIS OF DIFERENT SIZES 7% 13% 20% 500gm 750gm5% 1kg 3kg 55% others(25gm,200gm) ? 37. PERCENTAGE SHARE OF SURF IN PREMIUM DETERGENTSMARKET 25% Surf Excel Ariel 75%SALE OF SURF EXCEL ON BASIS OF SEASONSCustomers reduce their washing frequency in rains, so the sales are drastically affected. Sale of detergents is strongly affected by seasonal changes as shown in the chart below. 12% 18% Summers Winters Rains 70% ? 38. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS. In this section we compare HLL with its competitors, viz. Proctor and Gamble (Ariel, Tide) and Nirma Ltd (Nirma washing powder). We now compare these products and the companies on the various counts. Market Share: The per capita consumption of detergents in India is 2. kg per annum. The synthetic detergent market can be classified into three main categories – Premium (Surf and Ariel) – 15% of total market Mid price (Rin and Wheel) – 40% of total market Popular (Nirma) – 45% of total market. Product Comparison: HLL (market share – 40%, including all 3 segments) manufactures Surf Excel in three avatars, Surf Excel Blue, Surf Excel Automatic and Surf Excel Quick wash. The USP of Surf Excel is that it reduces soaking time and water usage by 50%. It also contains a lesser amount of bleach than Ariel or Tide. PG (market share – 12%, including all 3 segments) produces both Ariel and Tide. Ariel is produced in three types, Ariel Front-o-mat, Ariel Spring Clean and Ariel Fresh Clean. The USP here would be removal of tough stains while taking care of cloth quality and imparting a fresh fragrance to it. Tide detergent improves washing experience while imparting a lingering lemon fragrance to clothes. Nirma (market share – 30% of popular segment) comes in three variants, Nirma washing powder, Super Nirma washing powder and Nirma popular washing powder. Its USP would be low prices and the value for money it gives to the customer. Pricing Comparison: We now compare the prices for these brands. The price of each product and its variant is shown in the table b 20gm 200gm 500gm 600gm 750gm 1kg 1. 5kg 2kg 3 kg 4kg (30sachets)Surf Quick wash 2 23 53 NA NA 103 153 NA NA NASurf Automatic NA NA NA 90 NA 145 NA NA NA NASurf Blue NA 16 40 NA 53 NA 102 NA 220 NAAriel 2 22 50 NA NA 99 145 NA NA NATide 1 10 23 NA NA 46 NA 88 NA 186 ? 39. Place comparison:HLL’s distribution system is one of its key strengths. The delivers its finished productsto various Carrying and Forwarding Agents, via whom the goods reach differentwholesalers. From here the goods are delivered to either rural or urban retailers, viawhom they reach the consumers. HLLs scale enables it to provide superior customer service including daily servicing,improving their range availability whilst reducing inventories. An IT-powered system hasbeen implemented to supply stocks to redistribution stockists on a continuousreplenishment basis. The objective is to catalyze HLL’s growth by ensuring that the rightproduct is available at the right place in right quantities, in the most cost-effectivemanner. For this, stockists have been connected with the company through an Internet-based network, called RSNet, for online interaction. As far as distribution to rural areas is concerned, they use a process called ProjectStreamline, wherein there exist networks of rural sub-stockists, who operate in the ruralareas itself. 20-30 sub-stockists come under a rural distributor (RD). The sub-stockists arethen responsible for distributing the products in rural areas. Nirma Limited markets its products through its fully owned subsidiary Nirma ConsumerCare Limited (NCCL), which was incepted in 1985. NCCL then resells the productsthrough ‘Nirma’ and ‘Nima’. Nirma pioneered the concept of flat distribution network. Nirma Consumer Care Limited operates with two parallel distribution networks. TheNIRMA brand is marketed through the first network, which consists of about 450exclusive distributors. It is one of the lowest cost FMCG distribution channels of thecountry. The principle channel for Nirma’s Products is the lowest cost system in Indiawith in built flexibility and speedy distribution. All NIRMA and NIMA range of productshave a retail reach of over two million retail outlets and more than 40 million loyalconsumers spread all over the country. The Company has been successful in establishingan extremely good urban as well as rural presence through the two distribution channels. The distribution channels have played a significant role in making Nirma a householdname. The efficient network has made Nirma Washing Powder the brand with highestpenetration in its product category. The network is well equipped to meet the demands ofthe loyal consumers of the Company across the country. ? 40. Promotion comparison:HLL. Advertising. Surf excel, synonymous with the catch line, ‘Surf Excel hai naa! ’ was the first nationaldetergent brand on television. It has indulged in numerous advertisement campaignswhich have gained a lot of popularity. Surf Excel and Lalitaji ad also was in news for a long time. Slice of life situations havegenerated high levels of interest in the communication. Using consumer speak in the formof testimonials has helped in building credibility in the brand. â€Å"She was a hard-headed bargain-hunting housewife who demanded value for money andnot just cheap price. Consumers faith in Surf was restored, and not just because sheoffered a rational argument. The real reason Lalitaji was believed was because she wastrusted y the Indian housewife to get her a good bargain. We showed her bargainingwith the vegetable vendor about good tomatoes and bad tomatoes †¦ `Sasti cheez orachchi cheez me farak hota hai, bhai saab. â€Å"This advertisement reversed a declining brand share trend. The currents advertisement on television shows noted actor and human rights activistShabana Azmi (who did promote Ariel once upon a time), walking with two buckets ofwater and encouraging a crowd of people to do the same. It basically plays on SurfExcel’s strength to perform with lesser amounts of water. It thus underlines th How to cite Surf Exel, Papers

The Pros and Cons of Regulating the Food Business

The statistics by the Center of Disease and Control gives an alarming view about the existing circumstances as far is obesity is concerned. The fact that there has been an increase in obesity in both adults and children raises concerns of what can be done so as to ensure that the number of obese people is kept down.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Regulating the Food Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that the scenario has come to a point that it has become a national epidemic means that the government has the responsibility of doing everything possible to ensure the issue is well handled. The question of whether the government should regulate the food business should be answered after weighing the pros and cons not regulating the food business. It is clear that though the resultant of not controlling food business has brought about an epidemic, there is also the benefit to or ganizations of an available market of work out DVDs, gym memberships and also dinners that are frozen. In terms of financial contribution, it only means that the organizations that are offering these services are also contributors to the economy and through the activities some obese people are also benefiting. The government also needs to access the successes of the solutions that these organizations have so as to know whether there is need to regulate the food business. For what would be the reason of regulating the business if there are more financial benefits and the people who engage in the solutions are getting the help they need? Economically, if the government decides to regulate the business and success to reduce obesity, these organizations may be forced to lay off the workers or even close down. If that happens, there would be economic Implications on the people who were dependent on these businesses.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the fact that grocery stores have stickers that enlighten the people about the food that enables one to maintain a healthy body also has a benefit it offers of the public. It means that people are aware of the food that would not render their bodies to be obese. In turn, they have a contribution in ensuring that obesity of among the citizens is reduced. However, it is notable that the food that is preventive of this epidemic is more expensive than the others. The meaning of this is that the poor in the society mighty not afford it since their financial income mighty not permit. It is also notable that the low income earners may not afford to enjoy some of these preventive measures that have come up that aim at stopping the epidemic. At this point, it is where the government comes in and needs to ensure that the epidemic is prevented from escalating since there are also other dangers that are to the epide mic. Some diseases are likely to come up due to obesity and there is also likelihood of death coming up. Whether there exists a financial benefit to both the organizations and the government, the health of the people should be the primary consideration in deciding whether to regulate the business or not. The government is meant to work for all the people, the ones who can afford the provided services by the various organization and the ones who cannot afford them. It should therefore exert a regulation that aims at ensuring that even the people who cannot afford the services that the various organizations are offering are also catered for when fighting the epidemic. However, regulation should also be such that it is not so strict to drives some of these organizations that are offering solution to obesity out of business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Regulating the Food Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Pros and Cons of Regulating the Food Business was written and submitted by user Morbius to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.